Industry

Refractories for Power & CFB Boilers

Refractories in CFB boilers are used in areas including the boiler combustion chamber, the cyclone separator and refeeder, the economizer, the ignition air flue and cold air chamber, and the tail flue. Material selection varies by operating zone and includes wear-resistant castables, steel-fibre-reinforced castables, wear-resistant plastic refractories, thermal-shock-resistant and fireclay castables, wear-resistant and fireclay bricks, and insulating products.

Power plant boiler house with a glowing furnace inspection window and a cyclone separator

Refractory Requirements — Power & CFB Boilers

The power technical reference is built around one system rather than a product list. It divides the circulating fluidized bed boiler into the boiler combustion chamber, the air separation system, the economizer, the ignition air flue and cold air chamber, and the tail flue, and names the material group that belongs in each. Its conformation scheme adds the cyclone separator, centre tube, mixing chamber, horizontal flue, furnace dense phase area, air distributor, wind room, igniter, refeeder and tail flue as separately keyed positions.

The same technical reference states the scope of these materials directly: medium- and low-temperature furnaces including CFB boilers, pulverized coal furnaces, hot water furnaces, chain furnaces, garbage incinerators, boiling furnaces and CFB gasifiers. It groups the materials themselves into castables, bricks and insulating products, and gives each product page its own stated service area.

The table below follows those service areas. Where the technical reference gives a reason for a material at a position, that reason appears in the last column in its own words; where it gives none, the column is left empty rather than filled in. Terms with no catalogue equivalent are listed underneath and are quoted for project supply on request.

Where Refractories Are Used

5 equipment and zones

  1. Boiler Combustion Chamber

    Furnace dense phase area / 锅炉燃烧室

    The technical reference names the dense phase zone, the sparse phase zone, the transition area, the furnace bottom and the boiler roof, and the fluidized section of the dense phase zone as a separate plastic-refractory area.

  2. Cyclone Separator and Refeeder

    Air separation / 旋风分离器

    The technical reference names the straight part and the cone-shaped part of the cyclone tube, the gateway, the centre tube, the mixing chamber, the horizontal flue, the dipleg and the refeeder.

  3. Economizer

    省煤器

    The technical reference names the economizer wall, the beam of the economizer and the high-temperature zone of the superheater.

  4. Ignition Air Flue and Cold Air Chamber

    点火风道、冷风室

    The technical reference names the igniter, the ignition duct, the air distributor, the wind room and the water-cooled air chamber.

  5. Tail Flue

    尾部烟道

    The technical reference names the tail flue and the tail shaft.

Refractory Selection by Equipment

Boiler Combustion Chamber

4
ZoneRefractory typeRISING productWhy used
Dense phase zone, sparse phase zone and boiler roofRSNM-B Castables (wear-resistant castables)Good wear resistance, good spalling resistance and high strength at early and mid-high temperature period.
Fluidized section of the dense phase zoneRSNMKS Plastic Castables (wear-resistant plastic refractories)Suitable for repair and for the overall construction of a wear-resistant lining; can be processed as a non-baking material so the furnace can be started directly.
Air distributorWear-resistant Castables / Thermal Shock CastablesWear resistance at the distributor face combined with thermal-shock resistance where the ignition cycle applies it.
Severely worn surfaces below 1300 ℃Nano ceramic wear-resistant coatingHigh strength, excellent wear resistance and close bonding to the substrate in high gas-velocity areas of large CFB boilers.

Cyclone Separator and Refeeder

9
ZoneRefractory typeRISING productWhy used
Cutting-direction entrance, straight part and cone-shaped part of the separatorSteel Fiber Reinforced Wear-resistant CastablesSteel fiber, silicon carbide and mullite additions enhance tensile property, strength and thermal-shock resistance at the worst wear parts.
Horizontal flue at furnace outlet, entry and exit, refeeder and diplegSteel Fiber Reinforced Wear-resistant Castables
Separator target area and horizontal flueWear-resistant Plastic Refractories
Cyclone tube, gateway and refeederRSNM-75 Wear-resistant BricksOn request
Dipleg, refeeder and cyclone outgoing conversion chamberWear-resistant Refractory Brick (RSNMZ)On requestHigh crushing strength, good wear resistance, stable volume and good thermal-shock resistance at medium and high temperature.
Separator adiabatic part and mixing chamber roofHigh Alumina Cement Vermiculite Insulating CastablesGood insulating property and high refractoriness behind the working lining.
Separator furnace wall insulationFireclay Insulating Brick / Perlite Insulation BrickOn request
Separator, dipleg and mixerNon-asbestos Calcium Silicate Insulating ProductOn request
Separator, mixer and expansion jointsAluminum Silicate Fiber BlanketLow thermal conductivity, low heat storage, small shrinkage at high temperature and easy construction for lining insulation and sealing.

Economizer

6
ZoneRefractory typeRISING productWhy used
Economizer beamRSNT-2 Castables (fireclay castables)On request
High-temperature zone of the superheater and tail shaftRSNM-75 Wear-resistant Bricks / RSNM-A Dense Castables
Economizer wallRSQZ-0.7 Light Weight Castables
Economizer wall insulationRSQZ-0.3 / 0.6 Light Weight Insulating ProductsOn request
Economizer wall and pipeRSXWT-100 Refractory Fiber Blanket
EconomizerRSZGN-42 Refractory Bricks (dense fireclay)

Ignition Air Flue and Cold Air Chamber

3
ZoneRefractory typeRISING productWhy used
Igniter, ignition air flue and water-cooling chamberThermal Shock Resistant Castables (RSKRZ-1)On requestThe technical reference states that thermal-shock resistance and high refractoriness are required in the air chamber, the igniter and the water-cooled air chamber because the bed is lit from underneath.
Ignition duct and mixing chamberFireclay Castables (RSNTJ-2, bauxite cement castable)On requestHigh refractoriness and good thermal-shock resistance.
Cold air chamberRSJZL-1 CastablesOn request

Tail Flue

4
ZoneRefractory typeRISING productWhy used
Tail flue working liningRSNM-B Castables
Tail flueFireclay Brick (RSZGN-42)
Tail flue insulationRSQZBW-650 / 1000 Light Weight Insulating ProductsOn request
Tail flue insulationDiatomite Insulating Bricks / Aluminum Silicate Fiber Blanket

CFB Boiler Product Range

1
ZoneRefractory typeRISING productWhy used
Listed in the technical reference's CFB product rangeNitride Bonded Silicon Carbide Product

Refractory types are listed as named in RISING's technical references. A row reads "On request" where the material has no catalogue page yet.

Lining System Overview

CFB boiler systemThe five system areas the reference divides the boiler into, in gas-path order. Not to scale and not a section drawing.01Boiler Combustion ChamberDense phase zone, sparse phase zone, boiler roof02Air SeparationCyclone separator, centre tube, refeeder, dipleg03Mixing Chamber and Horizontal Flue04Economizer05Tail Flue
CFB boiler systemThe five system areas the reference divides the boiler into, in gas-path order. Not to scale and not a section drawing.Reference documents: RISING power and CFB boiler refractory technical reference

Recommended Refractory Materials

8 linked products

Technical Considerations

Equipment covered by the technical reference
The technical reference states that these refractories are for medium- and low-temperature furnaces: CFB boilers, pulverized coal furnaces, hot water furnaces, chain furnaces, garbage incinerators, boiling furnaces, CFB gasifiers and other reducing-atmosphere furnaces.
Lining build-up at special parts
The technical reference's construction drawing for special parts shows, from the working face outwards: wear-resistant castable, light-weight insulating plastic concrete with anchors, aluminium silicate double-sided needled blanket, then the steel shell.
Separator wall build-up
The separator wall detail in the technical reference shows refractory brick against the process side, backed by insulating brick, a fibre product and the steel shell.

Also supplied on request

Further refractory types used in this industry that do not have a catalogue page yet. Each is supplied and quoted on request.

  • RSNM-75 Wear-resistant Bricks and RSNMZ Wear-resistant Refractory Brick
  • Ultra-light Weight Microsphere Insulating Bricks
  • Fireclay Insulating Brick and Perlite Insulation Brick (RSQZW series)
  • Non-asbestos Calcium Silicate Insulating Product (RSGR-650, RSGR-1000)
  • Water Glass & Pearlite Insulating Product
  • Diatomite Insulating Bricks
  • Thermal Shock Resistant Castables (RSKRZ-1)
  • Fireclay Castables (RSNTJ-2 / RSNT-2) and RSJZL-1 Castables
  • RSQZ-0.3 / 0.6 and RSQZBW-650 / 1000 Light Weight Insulating Products
  • Aluminum Silicate Refractory Fiber Cotton, Needled Blanket and Fiber Rope

Reference documents

  • RISING power and CFB boiler refractory technical reference

Technical Consultation

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